The most common Hybrid Metal Core PCB types

Hybrid Metal Core PCB manufacture process

• Posted on 23 Jun 2016
 
• By David
 
• In aluminum pcb
 No comment

First of all, David have to introduce a new PCB definition: Insulated metal substrate (IMS).
Its construction has a sub-assembly of non-thermal material, and usually this Hybrid Metal Core PCB manufacture processis independent.
In a ‘Hybrid’ IMS construction a “Sub-assembly” of a non-thermal material is processed independently.

New Hybird Metal Core PCB manufacture process is different

Some creative MCPCB manufacturers make a Hybrid IMS PCB bonded to the aluminum base with thermal materials.
That’s the reason why so many hybrid Metal Core PCB boards have difference when compares with before manufacture process.

Why we add aluminum base in metal core PCB manufacture process?

If you have read our aluminium PCB board article, you will find the aluminium layer can decrease the temperature of products.
Bonding this layer to an aluminum base with thermal dielectrics can help dissipate heat, improve the rigidity and act as a shield.
Due the metal core PCB manufacture process, some fabrications may use metal alloy instant of aluminium base.
By the way, even the metal alloy core PCB cheaper than metal core PCB, but the latter was recommended due to the reliability.

The most common Hybrid Metal Core PCB types

Now, more engineer prefers to choose hybrid metal core PCB, but most of them don’t know the full name of this board.
David just wants more guys know the truth of MCPCB, and introduce the most common hybrid aluminum PCB.
The most common construction is a 2-Layer or 4-Layer Sub-assembly made from conventional FR-4.
Click the link to read: The hybrid aluminum PCB manufacturer tells you its secret

Source: http://4mcpcb.com/hybrid-metal-core-pcb-manufacture-process.html

LED light circuit board is different from the normal PCB board

LED lights circuit board difference with normal PCB

• Posted on 21 Dec 2015
 
• By allen
 
• In led circuit board, led pcb board
 No comment

This post will discuss two different type PCB board.
If you have any about the circuit board LED lights question, please let me know.
We will update your opinion on this post.

What is the normal PCB board?

Here Allen don’t want to use the wiki definition of the normal PCB board, if you want to see it, please search on google.
When you unscrew the circuit board and take it out, you can see that the circuit board is a thin piece of fiberglass that has thin copper “wires” etched onto its surface.

LED light circuit board is different from the normal PCB board

The first is about construction layer.
LED light circuit board has three layers, top is the circuit layer, dielectric layer and the thermal conduction layer.
But most of the normal PCB board, top layer and inner layer were both circuit layer.

The second difference is application.
You know most of MCPCB board use LED lighting industry.
But the normal PCB board can use all electronic industries.

Source: http://4mcpcb.com/led-lights-circuit-board-difference-with-normal-pcb.html

The theory of how to repair multilayer PCB boards

The ignore assembly cost of the rigid flex PCB board

• Posted on 27 Jul 2016
 
• By Emma
 
• In Blog
 No comment

We have discussed the right way calculated rigid flex PCB assembly, this post is related to this topic.

Rigid flex PCB and rigid PCB assembly method comparison

In rigid flex PCB assembly solution just require one assembly step.
But if use cables assembly on rigid PCB board, there were two or more steps to be assembly.

The ignore cost during rigid flex PCB assembly

If you just consider the price from rigid PCB supplier, you may speed more money to assemble you rigid PCB project.
What is the extra ignore cost during rigid flex PCB order?
Emma has asked this question to experience PCB experts, and get the answer below.
The ignore cost during rigid flex PCB assembly must include items such as: the cost of kitting for assembly, labor, in-process inspection, cable assembly, test, final test, PCB tooling and test, and the costs associated with the engineering time required for each of these operations.

Source: http://4mcpcb.com/the-ignore-assembly-cost-of-the-rigid-flex-pcb-board.html

The risk of high temperature circuit board application

Top three features of high heat circuit board

This paper is going to discuss the high heat circuit board.
As we know the high heat circuit board is a high end PCB board type.
The designers have squeezed ever more performance out of printed circuit board.
This means that high heat circuit board designers should consider high temperature applications in the first.
If you have know electronic theory, you may find this is difficult to finish.
So we will from some different factors to discuss the feature of the high heat circuit board.

The risk of high temperature circuit board application

As we know power densities can affect the product temperature.
Then the power densities are on the rise, the temperature also rises.
HTD PCB manufacture experts told us that the risk of high temperature can wreak component.
Not only the havoc on the conductors, dielectrics, but also the circuit board itself.
As consequence of high temperature, you should consider more during the design process.

The electronic performance of high heat PCB board

We have known the high temperature can affect components.
This means the temperature also affects thermal and electrical impedances.
During the elevated temperatures, those electronic impedances have bad performance.
Causing erratic system performance, until it outright fails.

High heat PCB have differences in thermal expansion rates

If you have learned some PCB manufacture process, you may know the thermal expansion is an important factor.
As well know it's a measure of the tendency of a material to expand when heated and shrink when cooled. 
Its can be cause cracking and connection failures during PCB assembly process.
Between conductor and dielectrics generate mechanical stress.
By the the highest temperature PCB boards are subject to cyclic heating and cooling.

Source: http://www.htdcircuits.com/top-three-features-of-high-heat-circuit-board.html

Top 100 PCB Manufacturers From China Report

Top 100 PCB manufacturers: Click Pic to View Online

The Reason Why HTD Shared Top 100 PCB manufacturers?

-Many  oversea PCB electronic company don’t know the China PCB industry.
-Some of China PCB manufacturers produce bad quality
-Better service from Top PCB manufacturers

Top 100 PCB manufacturers Report

Recent, there was a ranking about Top 100 China PCB manufacturers on wechat.
Jim want shared this report to all PCB purchase managers.

HTD Group Circuit Board Solution

Now HTD capabilities is ranking the 51th on the top PCB manufacturers report.
So HTD have more oversea customer.
If you want to place PCB, please mail to info@htdcircuits.com

The time of PCB manufacturer customers' reference

If you have experience in new products development, you may know the risk of a PCB manufacturing sourcing is really hard work.
This post we will discuss this topic.

To measure a good PCB manufacturer

You know, to measure a good PCB manufacturer have many factors.
But the customer references are the first factor.
Because you can from those cooperated customer to analysis.
What is the most hot sell PCB type and the PCB market share.

The time of PCB manufacturer customers' reference

This issue may most PCB purchase want to know.
Under HTD circuits experience, this is often done by a supplier before extending credit.
The same process can serve the end customers well.

Source: http://www.htdcircuits.com/how-can-the-risk-of-a-pcb-manufacturing-sourcing-decision-be-minimized-.html

The mechanical via that PCB manufacturer can be done

Why HTDcircuits discuss the smallest mechanical via?

This paper is focus on the smallest mechanical via.
In fact we have announce our PCB manufacturing capability.
And we have mention the smallest drill size.
There were many customers ask questions about the smallest mechanical via HTD can be done.
So we have to discuss this topic.

The mechanical via that PCB manufacturer can be done

If they are true vias where the finished size is NOT of any consequence, we say, “Why not call them out as +.003” minus the entire hole size?”
At that point I tell them that we can drill smaller and require less signal pad and anti-pad size, which opens the customer up for some routing for these fine-pitch parts. While we are at it, let’s talk about pitch. 
Many times, we are approached by customers talking about a specific pitch between mounts or pads, such as .4mm or .5mm pitch. 
Understand that without a design to see the via image data, it is difficult for a fabricator to properly understand what pitch means to the customer.
The pitch is the distance from the center of a given entity to the center of an adjacent entity.

The smallest mechanical via related to SMT

This can mean different things based on pad/mount size. Let me give you an SMT pad as an example:
A .5mm pitch means .0197” between the centers of two BGA pads or surface mounts. This seems like a very reasonable distance, given today’s circuit board geometries. 
However, what if the designed surface mount pad width is .015” wide? This would mean a .5mm pitch would leave only .0047” edge to edge between the mounts. 
This gives you little or no room to route a trace between mounts at that width and pitch.
Clearly as the pitch between parts decreases based on today’s shrinking chip footprints, the associated surface mount or BGA pad widths need to decrease as well to be able to route even a .003” or .004” trace between them.

Take roof-floor bat in PCB flatness Check

The good PCB supplier has a good final inspection of flatness

If you have chosen a good PCB supplier, the quality guarantee is necessary.
Due to not every one PCB plant can provide 100% final flatness inspection.
Most important is that the bat warping can affect PCB performance.
That's the reason why we should avoid this issue.
So this paper will focus discuss how China PCB manufacturer treatment the bat warping PCB issue?

Most PCB manufacturers Use the oven to bake bat warping

HTDcircuits experts told us that all warping PCB boards should take out.
Usually the worker will pick out those warping PCB into the oven.
Then the oven will be set back under pressure, and the temperature can be get 150 degrees Celsius.
The last step is cool the PCB board in nature under pressure.
The cooling step can use 3-6 hours finish.

Take roof-floor bat in PCB flatness Check

Then we should check those warping PCB boards after the oven process.
Difference PCB manufacturers have a difference final inspection method.
In HTDcircuits plant, take roof-floor bat in PCB flatness check.
Due to this PCB, check method can save part board.
Even some of the PCB board may be two to three times the baked pressures to leveling.

Consider warping scrapped during PCB manufacturing

Most of time the warping issue can handle.
And there were some special machine can be use warping PCB board.
Even those methods can help you handle most warping issue.
Also consider warping scrapped during PCB manufacturing.
If more involved with the technological measures to prevent warping of practice, not baked pressure also useless part board, can only be scrapped.

Source:http://www.htdcircuits.com/how-china-pcb-manufacturer-treatment-the-bat-warping-pcb-issue-.html

The second cooling method of HASL PCB manufacturing

HASL is short for hot air leveling PCB.

If you have visited a HASL PCB manufacturer, you will know that the temperature is the biggest problem should handle.
Because the temperature can be 250 degrees during soldering assembly.
So this paper will discuss the solution use by most HASL PCB manufacturers.

The first method use by HASL PCB manufacturers

We have known HASL PCB have high temperature during soldering process.
Usual the PCB assembly line worker will put the board on the marble or steel flat.
In order to natural cooling and make cleaning after processor.
This cooling method is the most simple, also the most widely used.

The second cooling method of HASL PCB manufacturing

You know some of HASL PCB manufacturers want to improve surface brightness.
The worker will put the soldering PCB board through cold water.
This is the most fast cooling method, but also must consider the warping change.
Because difference temperature has difference mechanical performance.
That's the reason why some big PCB manufacturer uses a special cooling machine.
This type sealing machine allows to mount on the bed for cooling air flotation.

Source: http://www.htdcircuits.com/how-to-cooling-hot-air-leveling-pcb-in-assembly-process-.html

The first step of multilayer PCB manufacturing material preparing

The aim of multilayer PCB manufacturing material preparing process

If you have know the stress of multilayer PCB laminated, you will understand the aim of multilayer PCB manufacturing material preparing process more clear.
Because the layer after pressing except stress is very important for its lifetime. This point may confuse by most new hands of PCB designer.
So HTD circuits want to more guys to know that better multilayer PCB manufacturing material preparing process, longer life time it is.
The preparing for multilayer PCB manufacturing material process is one step completely not omitted.

The first step of multilayer PCB manufacturing material preparing

Produce multilayer prototypes in complete take out after.
The multilayer PCB manufacturing material can through hot, cold, cut or milling off.
All those PCB manufacturing method should be flashing in the oven.
Because most of time the stress of the PCB manufacturing material have changed when the flash in the oven.

The second step of multilayer PCB manufacturing material preparing

We have know the stress of multilayer PCB manufacturing material will be changed when it flash in the oven.
But how to measure the stress or how to make the decision to finish preparing process?
From our decades PCB experts, flat baked 4 hours, 150 degrees Celsius to release the stress gradually in the plate and resin curing.
This is a very important step for multilayer PCB board.
Because this factor not only relate to its lifetime, but also affect its performance.

Source: http://www.htdcircuits.com/do-you-know-the-preparing-process-of-multilayer-pcb-manufacturing-material.html

Multilayer PCBs: The Amazing Invention of Electronics

Printed circuit boards, abbreviated as PCBs have become an integral part of the electronics world. They provide the users as a relief from the abstruse process of point-to-point wiring and circuit complexities. They have surely relieved us from buying plenty of wires and electronic equipment and have made our job much simpler by putting them on a short board. From day-to-day general electronic products to medical equipment, dedicated service equipment, and high-reliability products, everywhere we can see the undefeated usages of PCBs. So we can call it as a wonder of the modern electronics.

In accordance with the rapid growth of PCB usages, there has been also a transforming change in PCB production. Many electronic equipment manufacturers in china produce PCB as well, where there are some of them dedicating themselves solely to PCB production. There are various techniques of producing a frisky circuit from a lump of electronic components and a board. This wide variety of PCB manufacturing arts has been able to produce a number of different types of PCBs. The PCBs can be comprised of several layers. So on the basis of a number of layers included the PCBs have been categorized into two major parts such as one layered PCB and Multilayer PCB.

The multilayer PCB is different from double layer PCB, where both of the Sides of the PCB are printed with electronic component and wires. The multilayer PCBs are consisted of at least 3 layers of conductive materials.

The preparation of multilayer PCBs is somehow different than others. The alternating layers of core materials are pressed together to make the multilayer PCBs. The process is performed carefully to make sure that no air is stuck between the layers. The conductors are purely coated by resins for safety purpose. An adhesive element is used to stick the different layers together. The adhesive is properly melted before using and once it is used between the layers, it is cooled down. Multilayer PCBs are highly beneficial and popular among engineers. They can serve multiple tasks at one hand.

• The increased flexibility: If proper connections are made according to the need of a particular project the multilayer PCBs can be used to produce a wide variety of circuit combinations, thus increasing the flexibility of usage.

• Density: The increased number of layers can be a great step towards assembling a variety of different electronic components thus increasing the assembly density.

• Reducing the complexity: The multilayer PCBs have greatly reduced the job of wiring the components individually.

• Less space: As the components are tied together in a single PCB with multiple layers, the space of the circuit is reduced.

Source: http://www.htdcircuits.com/multilayer-pcbs--the-amazing-invention-of-electronics.html

Use CFD simulate PCB thermal design

How to handle the thermal management during automotive PCB design?

Making sure that automotive electronics are reliable, safe, and properly designed begins at the component level. Heat must be addressed early in the design process for these goals to be achieved. The most important thermal resistance for heat, outside the IC package, is the PCB. Rich PCB manufacturing engineers use 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate and test a PCB’s thermal design. Modeling the main heat flow paths in detail is critical to ensure that generated heat in the component flows out to the ambient, either through convection, conduction, or radiation. Knowing the thermal junction resistance allows optimizing a design for more efficient and less costly heatsinks, materials, and ICs.

When building a model to use in simulation, different methods can be used to represent chip packages and PCBs. Chip packages are typically defined as four types. The simple cuboid is a lumped component with some material properties and a heat source applied to it. The 2-resistor model doesn’t include any thermal capacitance and is therefore not suitable for transient analysis of component temperatures. The Delphi model is comprised of several thermal resistances and capacitances and thus is more accurate and suitable for transient simulations. Finally, the detailed model is modeled explicitly and is the most accurate model; however, it also increases the simulation time and requirements for computing resources.

For the PCB, four detailing levels from simple to complex also are used in simulation: lumped approximation, individual layers’ representation, layers modeled with “patches,” and copper tracks and areas modeled in detail.

Top three ignore point during PCB manufacturing

This paper HTD PCB manufacturing experts will introduce three misunderstand.
If you have any questions about those Top three ignore point during PCB manufacturing, please feel free to contact us.
Our PCB manufacturing experts will reply ASAP.

1. Engineering design: the PCB design should note:
A. interlayer half curing chips, such as shall be symmetrical arrangement six layer PCB board, 1 ~ 2 and 5 ~ 6 layer thickness and half between the number of curing pieces shall be consistent, otherwise layer after pressing warps easily.
B. produce multilayer prototypes core board and half curing piece should use the same supplier"s products.
C. outer A face and side B circuit patterns should be as close to the area. If A surface for big copper surface, but B surface walked several thread only, this kind of printed circuit board after the etching is very easy to warp. If both sides of the line are far too big, can the area in dilute side add some independent grid, make the balance.
2. Before blanking baked board:
Copper clad material before baking plate (150 degrees Celsius, time 8 + 2 hours) purpose is to remove the moisture in the plate and also make the plank to fully cure within the resin, further eliminate plank of stress, which left to prevent plate wrpping is helpful. At present, many two-sided and produce multilayer prototypes still insist on next makings before or after baking plate this step. But there are some board factory exception, currently the PCB board of the time regulation also baking inconsistent from 4 to 10 hours, according to the production, the suggestion to the class of the PCB and client requirements to decide the warping degrees. Baked or cut makeup; after block after baking feeding, two methods are feasible Suggestions after cutting materials, baking plate. Lining board should also be baking plate.
3. Half curing slice of weft to:
Half cured by slice layer after pressing zonally shrinkage to and material and, as must distinguish the stack layer to and a zonally. Otherwise, layer after pressing is very easy to create the finished product, even add pressure plate wrpping baking plate also hard to correct. Produce multilayer prototypes of reasons, many warping is laminated half curing chips when pyrocondensation, disorderly diego to didn"t distinguish caused by the release.
How to distinguish jinwei to? Volumes of half cured by the direction of tablet is up to, and width direction is a zonally; It long sides of copper foil board zonally, when the shorter edges is to cannot be determined by, such as producer or supplier to query.

HTD Group explain Gold Finger PCB technology

HTD Group is professional gold finger PCB manufacturer from China.
This paper will discuss gold plate technology.
If you want to learn more, please mail to info@htdcircuits.com

Gold contact surfaces are often used on circuit boards with membrane switches which are a technology of choice for industrial, commercial and consumer products. When PCBs will be repeatedly installed and removed electroplated gold is used for edge-connector contacts or as they are more commonly known: Gold fingers.
It is difficult to hear the term Gold finger without remembering the villain Auric Goldfinger from the James Bond film of 1964.
However, the gold fingers (gold-plated contact pins) found on PCBs are quite unlike Auric’s stubby, fat digits.
To begin with, the plating thickness of a PCB gold finger is typically a mere 300 micro-inch. At this thickness the hard gold is expected to survive 1,000 cycles before wear through.

How to design a wearable high-speed board?

Developing A Wearable High-Speed Board
The US Air Force engaged HoloEye Systems to create a prototype binocular holographic waveguide visor display (HWVD) attached to the helmet worn by a pilot of an Air Force jet.

Advanced sensors throughout the aircraft generated key info that the pilot needed.

This helmet-mounted display (HMD) presented a heads-up display of instrumentation and digital representations of important data.

The helmet was the heart of the aircraft, enabling the pilot to take advantage of the whole system.

This cutting-edge technology significantly decreased the cost, volume and weight of traditional helmet-mounted displays, replacing bulky optics systems with thin, light-weight, see-through diffractive optics.

The headset display was one of the first reported binocular HMDs in development using a liquid crystal and silicon (LCOS) microdisplay.


PCB Requirements
The helmet-mounted display supported the PCB in its mechanical housing, and an HDMI cable fed into the video source.

An optical cable connected to the display, which carried light to the headset’s LCOS microdisplay.

The light illuminated the display and was projected onto waveguides that presented information to the pilot’s eyes.

PCBs Are on a Huge Demand in Modern Technology

One of the basic concepts of the electronic circuits is the printed circuit boards or PCB. It is such a fundamental concept that we often forget to define its importance in modern technology. But whatever it is, we can’t get over the essentiality of the PCBs in modern electronics. However, PCBs have made our job simpler by its durability, reliability, and multi-purpose usages. There are a lot of tasks that was tough earlier but after the invention of PCB, it seems to appear much effortless.

Along with the rapid development of technology the modern era of electronics seems to be amazing. Throughout the electronic industry, Printed circuit boards are used. So there is a high demand of PCBs in the industries as well as at individual level. PCBs are used in many fields of modern civilization. They are used in computers, cell-phones, GPS systems, broadcasting, scientific instruments etc. automotive industry, defense, medical industry and marine instrumentations. Naturally, mass production PCB is on high demand.

As the usage of PCBs is spreading day by day, lots of researches are being done on the field, and new types of PCBs are being developed. PCBs can be of one layered and multilayer. They can be comprised of a number of layers: generally from 2 to 12. PCBs can also be printed on one side or both sides. PCBs can also be rigid, flexible and rigid-flex type.

During the last few years, there is a noticeable growth in the electronic markets of china. They seem to develop their business a lot. There are numerous PCB manufacturers in china who are spreading their business all over the world. There are a lot of alternative companies in the electronics market of china but the HTD circuits has been proved themselves to be capable of standing out of the crowd. They have become a top ranked choice in electronics market through the last 15 years of experience and hard work. Their professionalism and dedication towards the work have been able to gain customer satisfaction and reliability. While there are thousands of other PCB manufacturers in china they are solely different.

HTD circuits have maintained themselves to serve the overseas customers also, which had been a great challenge for them because of the difference of time zones and the availability of multilingual staffs. They take online orders and they can produce from 2 to 12 layered PCBs. All of the PCB fabrication processes are done under strict quality control measurements. You will also be surprised to know that they provide you the high-quality PCBs within your budget.

They are also open to the service of custom PCBs, where the customers can choose the dimensions of PCBs according to their choices.

Six common sense of PCB E-testing introduces

Here are some of the key terms that you need to know.

Net: An entire string of points or connections from the first source point to the last point including component lands and vias.

Net list: A list of alpha-numeric locations that are used to describe a group of two or more points that are electrically common.

Shorts Test: Check to make sure that NO current flows between separate nets by measuring the amount resistance between them.

Opens Test: Check to make sure there is current flow from one “node” to the next for every net on the board.

100% Net List Test: Check of every “node” on every net on the board.

Optimized Net List Test: Check every “end of net” for all nets on the board and selected intermediate nodes on the board.

IPC provides guidelines on how bare circuit boards should be tested.
Here is a copy of the guideline.

“IPC- 9252 Guidelines and Requirements for Electrical Testing of Unpopulated Printed Boards”

“Section 4.4 States: One hundred percent continuity and isolation electrical test is the confirmation that the actual electrical interconnect of conductive nodes matches a proven reference source, including but not limited to CAD/CAM digital data, master pattern artwork, or released drawings.”

Source: linkedin

The tips of PCB assembly

In automatic cartridge online, if uneven PCB, can cause positioning prohibit, components cannot cartridge into the hole and surface sticks bat ZhuangHan plate, and may even be automatic inserts installed crash.
Mount components happened after the board welding, element is difficult to cut bending feet flat and tidy.
Board cannot fit into device inside the case or socket, therefore, also is met board become warped potential manufacturing/remanufacturing troubled.
At present, the PCB enters the surface installation and chip of the era, installation of potential manufacturing/remanufacturing of curved requirements must board more strictly.

How to Measuring Impedance in PCB Manufacturing Process?

There were so many guys don't know measuring impedance.
This paper we will discuss How to Measuring Impedance in PCB Manufacturing Process.

Measuring Impedance

Testing the impedance values within your PCB is not always easy.
Various factors such as accessibility, via connections, branches off tracks and length of traces can make getting an accurate reading difficult

Test Coupon: is manufactured on the same panel as your PCB and will contain the same trace characteristics as the traces requiring impedance control on your PCB.

A Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) is the most common method of measuring impedance.
Basically this sends a signal along a line and then measures the part of the signal that is reflected back when an impedance mismatch occurs.

How to introduce gold finger PCB just few steps to your customers?

How to introduce gold finger PCB just few steps to your customers?
Jim will discuss gold finger PCB manufacturing in three parts below:

–You shoul know Gold Finger definition
–The use area of Gold Finger
–Introduce of Gold finger PCB

---

You shoul know Gold Finger definition

Gold Finger is gold-plated terminal of a card-edge connector, usually, fingers are done by flash gold (hard gold) and the gold thickness is requested to be from 3u“ to 50u“ because fingers are mainly used for pluging for many times.
When PCBs will be repeatedly installed and removed electroplated gold is used for edge-connector contacts or as they are more commonly known: Gold fingers.

The use area of Gold Finger

Gold contact surfaces are often used on circuit boards with membrane switches which are a technology of choice for industrial, commercial and consumer products.

Introduce of Gold finger PCB

However, the gold fingers (gold-plated contact pins) found on PCBs are quite unlike Auric’s stubby, fat digits.
To begin with, the plating thickness of a PCB gold finger is typically a mere 300 micro-inch. At this thickness the hard gold is expected to survive 1,000 cycles before wear through.

Product type: 4 layers PCB
Board thickness: 1.60±0.15mm
Copper thickness: 2OZ out layer 1OZ innner Layer
Minimum hole size: 0.50mm
Surface finish: ENIG+gold finger
Minimum line width/space: 0.125/0.125mm
Gold thickness on gold finger: 20u“

Product type: 6 layers gold finger PCB
Board thickness: 1.60±0.15mm
Copper thickness: 2OZ out layer 1OZ innner Layer
Minimum hole size: 0.50mm
Surface finish: ENIG+gold finger
Minimum line width/space: 0.15/0.13mm
Gold thickness on gold finger: 30u“

If you want place our gold finger PCB,please mail to info@htdcircuits.com

Quote Your Self Designed PCB with Full Specifications for Dynamic Productivity

PCB quote specialise for proto and small volume. It is easier, most user friendly of any programs till date in technology. Besides being a miniature pack it comprises the pillar of the electronic applications.

Today we are in a world where we cannot think without a PCB. And with the growing demands it is becoming difficult to fulfil the customers need with high supplies. And just keeping this in mind, the PCB online quote industry has merged into an online facility where you can order your own circuit easily. You will be happy to find that your orders will be placed very tactfully and they will be delivered to you within a day or less. In this ultra competitive pricing, online shopping is the best option to save your pocket and get the desired result.

Low cost and high quality is what you can expect from a leading printed circuit board. To get a quote for printed circuit board fabrication, all fields are required. The dynamic quoting program allows you with the option of designing your own printed circuit board as per your need and requirement, and definitely not the one that we build. There is complete transparency between the suppliers and the customers where your needs are taken care of and finally quenches your demands.

You can order them online with your own design module describing your needs. You must be thinking that it would be a costly affair online, but the truth is that ordering and quoting through instant PCB quote minimises the expenditure and brings smile in your lips. All major credit cards are accepted, with 24/7 customer service provider and on time delivery attracts the customers.

Based on so many specifications, designs, and requirements, there has been an increased mass production of PCB, in order to meet your demands. Production of any printed circuit boards mainly stands on two principles; i.e. high temperature durability and high conductivity. Printed circuit boards are manufactured in large scale worldwide. This is spreading so fast that you can hardly ignore its importance. This avoids unnecessary labour costs and costs less to your pocket too.

These are mostly used in led industries where there is high dissipation of heat to increase the longevity and durability of the electronic applications. So what are you waiting for? Go and grab one for yourself or quote your own printed circuit board which is handy, portable and pocket friendly if ordered online.

PCB Manufacturers suggest specifying Impedance

PCB Manufacturers suggest specifying Impedance
This paper will from different way to discuss specifying Impedance.
1, The reasson Why should Specifying Impedance in your PCB Design?
2, How to Specifying Impedance in your PCB Design

Why should Specifying Impedance in your PCB Design?

If you are designing a product where the impedance is critical then you will need to clearly specify the impedance value required on the specific traces.
These may be designs with tight tolerances or ones that cannot be designed using common Microstrip configurations.

How to Specifying Impedance in your PCB Design?
It is important to note that when you define a trace as having an impedance control requirement, it is the impedance of the trace that is critical and not the size of the trace.
By defining a trace as impedance controlled you are giving permission to the PCB manufacturer to vary parameters such as the size of the trace or thickness of the laminate in order to achieve the desired impedance.
The manufacturer will probably go with the recommended parameters from the field solver first, then test the PCBs impedance and if necessary make appropriate changes and produce the PCB again until the required result is achieved.

HTD PCB manufacturer expert: Consider the component factor during impedance design

HTD PCB manufacturer expert: Consider the component factor during impedance design

Match component impedance:
This information should be found in the component data sheet.

Once you have this information you now know the required impedance value of the track you need to connect these two components.

Track characteristics: track length, width and thickness, its proximity to other tracks, ground planes, laminate thickness and dielectric constant (Er) are all important factors to consider.

For tracks located on outer layers the thickness of the solder mask must also be taken into consideration.

Use a Microstrip: This is a trace on one layer separated from a plane on another layer by a material (such as the substrate).

Remember the antenna example?

A substrate acts like the cable insulator and the plane acts like a shield.

Microstrip configurations are popular because you can use impedance calculators or field solver software to give you recommended trace dimensions based on the impedance you require and the parameters\configuration you are using.

Different configurations and combinations of these Microstrips can be used:

Surface:
Trace on one side and a copper plane on the other.

Coupled:
Where you have more than one trace on one side and a copper   plane on the other.

Embedded:
Where the trace(s) are sandwiched between the substrate with a copper plane on one side.

Stripline:
Where the trace(s) are sandwiched between the substrate with a copper plane on both sides.

Using these methods, where you calculate all the parameters in order to control the impedance is often referred to as “Controlled Dielectric”.

This is sufficient for a lot of designs, as long as you specify the parameters to your manufacturer and they stick to the specifications.


You can calculate your impedance for free here.

Review HTD Group presentation to learn why big brand trust us

Recommend you review presentation in full screen.
If you have any PCB questions, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Review HTD Group presentation to learn why big brand trust us.


Resource: http://www.htdcircuits.com/review-htd-group-presentation-to-learn-why-big-brand-trust-us.html

From a HTD PCB manufacturer to discuss impedance control

From a HTD PCB manufacturer to discuss impedance control.
If you want to learn more impedance control solution for big brand customers, please contact to us.


Let’s take the cable connecting your TV to your antenna\satellite dish and look at it through the lens of impedance.


The purpose of this cable is to transfer the signal from one device (in this case your satellite dish) to another (in this case your TV).

To obtain the best possible signal, the impedance of the satellite dish must match that of the cable and the impedance of the cable must match that of the TV.

If the impedances don’t match, then only a portion of the signal gets transferred down the line to the TV.

The rest of the signal gets sent back along the line to the antenna where it gets resent and another portion of it may now get to the TV but obviously later than the original signal.

This impedance mismatch causes interference in the signal resulting in a blurred picture on our TV or even some double imaging if the mismatch is particularly bad.

Now transfer this scenario to PCBs and imagine the consequences if the correct signals were not

reaching their destination at the required time due to a mismatch in impedance.

Basically nothing would work as well as it should. Controlling impedance then sounds like a pretty good idea, but how do you go about it?

HTD PCB manufacturer experts: Why is it Important to Understand Impedance?

HTD PCB manufacturer experts: Why is it Important to Understand Impedance?

It is all about efficiency. Theory shows that maximum signal transfer happens when all impedances along the signal path are matched.

In all circuits which operate under high frequencies and process high speed digital signals, it is important to control impedance.
Impedance control is fast becoming a standard requirement for PCB manufacture and is has become critical in areas such as:

Telecommunications
RF applications
High speed digital applications
Impedance controlled circuits can be found in the electronics you use every day:  your mobile phone, TV, computer, printer and even your car!

How to consider a used machine for a small PCB manufacturer?

Used SMT assembly equipment can be found all over the Internet.
In most cases it's “buyer beware,” but there are some cases where you can get a good deal and save some money over a new machine.
This chapter will help guide you in your search and give you some tips to avoid getting a raw deal or actually spending more than new by the time you get that bargain acquisition in good working order.

The “re” words—rebuilt, reconditioned, recycled, recertified, remanufactured, or refurbished—are intended to describe the various conditions you can expect to find in the used market; however, you really need to look deeper.
Many times the wording is used interchangeably to mean the same thing.
The kind of description you want to avoid is simply “used” or “as-is,” because you have no idea how much work (and dollars) it will take to get it in good working order and registered by the manufacturer.


The best situation, if you can find it, is to buy a factory reconditioned machine from a respectable manufacturer.
Here’s the distinction I make between “factory reconditioned” and “refurbished”:
A refurbished machine is one that may have been damaged and repaired, while a factory reconditioned unit has had all its worn parts replaced, outdated components updated with new, everything tested to be in good working order, and a factory warranty applied by the manufacturer.

There are quite a few resellers who say they recondition used machines, but it’s always a risk.
Here’s why: Most SMT assembly equipment is initially licensed and registered with the OEM PCB manufacturer, similar to a title on a car. So, to get instructions, support and access to spare parts, you’ll need to register your used machine with the OEM, and that can cost between $2,000 and $5,000, depending on the manufacturer.
Not doing so would be taking a big financial and implementation risk, and if you bought from someone other than the manufacturer you could be paying for support they might not be able to deliver. Source: PCB007

PCB expectors: The History of Flex PCBs

The History of Flex PCBs

At the beginning of the 20th century, early researchers in the burgeoning telephone industry saw the need to alternate layers of conductors and insulators to produce standardized, flexible electric circuits.

An English patent from 1903 describes coating paper with paraffin and laying flat metal conductors to provide the circuits. Around the same time, Thomas Edison’s notebooks suggested coating linen paper with cellulose gum, then tracing circuits on the gum with graphite powder.

The late 1940s brought in mass production techniques, resulting in a number of patents for photo-etching circuits on flexible substrate as a way of replacing wiring harnesses.

More recently, the addition of active as well as passive components to flexible circuits has introduced the term “flexible silicon technology,” referring to the ability to integrate semiconductors (using technologies that include thin-film transistors) onto the flexible substrate.

The combination of traditional advantages found within flexible circuit construction combined with onboard computing and sensing capability has led to exciting developments in several areas, most especially in applications in the aerospace, medical, and consumer-electronics fields.


Modern PCB manufacturers often face contradictory requirements when integrating complex circuits into a finished application.
The product needs to be light in weight, yet durable enough to survive in environments where heat, vibration and moving parts would tax traditional connections.

Additionally, manufacturing cost means that circuit integration cannot involve a lot of expensive, error-prone human assembly: it requires the repeatability and quality levels of IC design.

Finally, product lifecycles demand rapid prototyping and implementation, as time to market can make or break a product line. Flexible printed circuit boards (flex PCBs) offer advantages in all of these areas and can be used in a wide range of applications, from medical and aerospace to consumer electronics.

The Space, Weight, and Cost Savings of Flex

Redesigning a product to use flex PCBs rather than rigid PCBs deliver immediate benefits in weight. Customers commonly see weight reductions of up to 75% when compared to traditional designs.

This comes from using incredibly thin substrates made of polyester or polyimide material—films that can be as thin as 12-120 microns thick.

Conductive material traces are etched on the flex PCB, in as many layers as the PCB design requires. Typically, a coverlay is then applied to protect the layers from moisture, dirt and damage.

One important use of flex PCB design is the replacement of wiring harnesses and ribbon connectors once used to link together different boards—for example, to connect the engine control unit in an automobile to the dashboard or lighting components.

The standardization and economy of scale that goes along with this also reduces assembly cost by reducing the number of components and interconnections, and allowing for high-quality mass production.

Many flex PCB users find that they can reduce the cost of connections by up to 70% versus traditional wiring harness construction.
And with the reduction in connection cost comes a reduction in costs associated with inconsistent quality—flex PCB’s standardized construction also eliminates the source of potential errors from hand-built harnesses.

HTD PCB manufacturer experts: how to handle Flux residues during assembly

This paper HTD PCB manufacturer experts will introduce how to handle Flux residues during assembly.
If you have any questions about the PCB manufacturing, please contact us.






Flux residues have been the bane of reliability of PCB assemblies (PCBAs) from the first time they were used.
However, it is necessary to use some sort of compound to reduce the oxides that form on the copper surface before soldering.
Historically, activated rosin based fluxes were used to provide a surface for the solder to wet with.
The problem with these fluxes is that they contained chlorine or bromine and remained corrosive after the soldering operation and would cause corrosion of the surface during operation of the product.
Many cleaning and testing methods were developed to clean the surfaces and to test to insure the surfaces were noncorrosive afterwards.
The majority of these test methods involved checking for ionic contamination after the cleaning was performed.
A passing product would have a low level of ionic contamination.

During the changeover to RoHS compliant solders low solids fluxes were introduced as “no-clean” fluxes.
These fluxes were composed of organic acids such as adipic acid or citric acids.
These organic acids are decomposed by the temperatures reached during soldering, and were marketed as fluxes that did not need to be rinsed from the PCBAs after reflow.
This is not normally an issue with reflow soldering as the entire PCBA reaches the required temperature for degradation of the flux.

However, these fluxes may not reach the required temperature during a wave soldering operation if they are shielded from the molten solder.
Because assembly houses believe these fluxes do not need to be cleaned from the PCBA, they make no attempt to clean any flux residue that remains after reflow or wave soldering.  Many assembly houses will argue that they are using “no-clean” flux which does not need cleaning.

There are areas that flux residues can be trapped and not experience enough heating during a wave soldering operation.
One of these areas is between the printed wiring board (PWB) and the pallet used to transport it across the solder wave.
Flux trapped between the wave soldering pallet and the PWB will not be exposed to the molten solder because the pallet provides a thermal barrier to the wave.
This flux can lead to corrosion because it is still acidic in nature.
It is also hygroscopic, which means it will pull water from the air and dissolve.  Figure 1 shows active flux remaining on a PCBA after wave soldering.






Low solids fluxes often cause a whitish material on the PWB that is not active and will not cause issues in reliability.
This material is very resistant to removal by water or isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol).
However active fluxes are readily dissolved by either water or isopropyl alcohol.
This can be used to distinguish the active flux from decomposed flux films.
A visible difference in appearance after swabbing a suspected area with an isopropyl saturated cotton swab indicates that the swab removed a significant amount of flux, and indicates that the flux is still active.

It is important that the wave solder pallets be cleaned often to remove the flux residues that build up on them from the fluxing operation.
Cleaning should be performed using the same solvent that is used to dilute the flux.
Fiber-free cloths should be used to perform this operation so that future product is not contaminated with debris from the cleaning process.

HTD experts: Rigid-flex PCB designs guidle for wearable medical devices

The vast majority of PCBs in the world today are basically rigid plates to connect circuitry. But, that is changing rapidly; the demand for flexible PCBs (or flexible circuits) is rapidly increasing thanks in large part to the burgeoning wearable device market. Perhaps the largest segment of that market is the healthcare industry where wearable devices will be used to collect all varieties of physiological data for diagnosis and study, as well as personal health use. Already wearables are available to monitor heart rate, blood pressure, glucose, ECG, muscle movement, and more.

Those wearable devices present a number of difficulties for PCB manufacturer designers that rigid boards do not. Here are some of those problems and what designers can do to alleviate them.

Three-dimensional Design

While every PCB is actually three-dimensional, flexible circuits allow the entire assembly to be bent and folded to conform to the package that the product occupies. A typical assembly is shown in Figure 1. The flexible circuitry is folded so that the rigid PCBs fit in the product package, occupying minimal space.

In a typical rigid-flex design, the components mount on rigid boards, which are interconnected by flexible circuits. The flex circuits can be bent to install the assembly into the cabinet or case.
There is a lot more to the design, hence the additional challenges, than just connecting the rigid boards. Bends must be precisely designed so boards line up where they are intended to mount, while not putting stress on the connection points. Up until recently, engineers actually used “paper doll” models to simulate the PCB assembly. Now, design tools are available that provide 3D modelling of the rigid-flex assembly, allowing quicker design and much greater accuracy.

Small Products and Dense Circuitry

By definition, wearable products must be small and unobtrusive. In the past, a medical “wearable” such as a Holter monitor included a fairly large external device with a neck strap or belt mount. The new wearables are small and attach directly to the patient with no or few external wires. They collect a variety of data and can even process some analyses.

An unobtrusive device attaching directly to the patient dictates flex circuitry and very dense layouts. In addition, the board shapes are often circular or even more unusual shapes, calling for clever placement and routing. For such small and densely-packed boards, a PCB tool that is optimized for rigid-flex designs makes handling odd shapes much easier.

Careful with the Bend

The point of using flexible circuitry is to be able to shape the final assembly by bending the flex. This presents a number of problems that are not encountered on rigid boards. Bending produces stresses that do not occur with rigid boards.  Most PCB tools have tools that allow you to optimize the flex circuitry. To avoid problems with bending forces, here are four tips when design flex:

Don’t use 90° bends on traces: The corners of traces endure more bending stress than straight paths. To avoid delamination problems over time, use straight paths or if traces must change direction, use curves or piecewise-linear curves rather than anything approaching 90°.

Stagger traces on double-sided flex: when traces are run on top of each other on double-sided flex circuits causes uneven distribution of the tension. Instead, traces should be staggered. This also improves the flexibility.

Use teardrops to improve strength and yield: The flexibility of the substrate can lead to delamination over time if not controlled. Instead of circular pads, teardrop pads can be used to add additional material, providing greater strength to the pad to prevent delamination. The teardrops also provide greater tolerance for drilling.

Support your pads: The copper on a flexible substrate is more likely to detach than on a rigid board because of the bending. In addition, the adhesion of copper to the substrate is not as good as on an FR4 PCB. Fabricators suggest through-hole plating and anchor stubs for SMT mounting pads. They also suggest reducing coverlay openings as much as possible.

Stackup Design is Critical

The stackup — the map of the PCB layers — is critical when using rigid-flex techniques. Ideally, your PCB design software has the capability to design your stackup including both the rigid and flexible parts of the assembly. As mentioned earlier, the layout of the bending area should be designed to minimize the stresses on the traces and pads.

Figure 2 shows a stackup illustration with both rigid and flexible sections. The number of layers and different materials used adds to the complexity of the design. Therefore, it is important to design the stackup carefully and use a tool that can handle the entire flex and rigid assemblies.

Figure 2: This stackup design shows rigid PCBs on either end, connected by a two-layer flexible circuit.
Manufacturing

One of the biggest challenges with rigid-flex designs is qualifying multiple manufacturers. After the design is completed, all aspects of the design must be communicated to the board fabricator so that it will be properly manufactured. However, the best practice is to choose one or more manufacturers early in the design and collaborate with them to ensure your design matches their fabrication requirements as the design progresses. Collaborating with fabricators is simplified by using standards. In this case, IPC-2223 is the vehicle for communicating with your fabricators.

Once the design is complete, the data package must be assembled to hand-off to be manufactured. While Gerber is still used for standard PCBs in some companies, when it comes to the complexities of rigid-flex, it is highly recommended by both PCB software tool vendors as well as fabricators that a more intelligent data exchange format be used. The two most popular intelligent formats are ODG++ (version 7 or later) and IPC-2581, both of which clearly specify layer requirements.

Summing it Up

The vast majority of PCBs in the world today are basically rigid plates to connect circuitry. The vast majority of the human body is flexible and in motion. Mixing the two creates challenges that can only be solved with rigid-flex PCB designs.

Moving to flexible circuitry opens up a set of challenges beyond those for rigid boards. Care must be taken with stackup design, trace designs on the flexible substrates, and 3D bending. Then, more care must be taken in selecting, collaborating with, and supplying design data to the board fabricator.

The best way to ensure that your rigid-flex design works correctly and is delivered on-time and on-budget is to employ leading-edge PCB design software and take advantage of the automation features.